Permanent Housing For Homeless Homeless - 850 Words

Permanent Housing for Homeless Today, there are many problems that plague the world. And unfortunately, poverty is one of them. Many people chose to ignore this issue, not only on a global scale, but also on a local scale. In suburban areas, homelessness isn t as obvious, but it is still an issue. Just because you do not see as many homeless people on the streets as you do in Chicago, doesn t mean it’s not a problem here in Elgin. There are a couple of shelters in the Elgin area, but they have limitations as to how long they are open to the homeless. Usually, the homeless can only access them at night time between the hours of seven pm to seven am and they have to go through a long process in order to stay. There are other resources offered to them at these shelters, but none of the options include permanent housing. Shelters are great for temporary relief but do not reduce the problem of people not having a permanent place to stay. Having supportive housing will be a place that is stable for the homeless a nd will provide them with the help they need. I feel that permanent housing and supportive housing that is immediately available should be created for homeless and low income people. Those who are against the idea of creating this kind of housing, say that it would cost the taxpayers too much money to accomplish. The possibility is that their property value can go down and other tax funded resources may be used to support the housing for the homeless. The taxes for theShow MoreRelatedHomelessness Is A Problem Of Homelessness1658 Words   |  7 PagesHomelessness in Society Imagine you are homeless and have no shelter, or nowhere to go. You walk through storms in the same clothes you had on a week ago. You look around for help, but there is none. What would you do? Or imagine you are one of the forgotten ones, whom people call dirty, and disgusting. Suddenly you hear footsteps, with hope filled inside you, and then a sudden sadness strikes you as the 1378th careless person walks by you and doesn t notice you. All you want is somewhere to sleepRead MoreBest Practices Of Service Delivery For Homeless Woman?981 Words   |  4 Pagesutilization of indication of evidenced-based research like journals or professional publications that identify best practices of service delivery for homeless woman from the previous assignment called System Map Part I. Through the assignment, there will be use of various models of evaluation, evaluating the effectiveness of the services provided for the homeless woman population. Furthermore, this assignment will be a proposal on how services may be improved, changed, and better delivered. There will beRead MoreHelping The Homeless - Original Writing1672 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily were driving into the city and we saw a homeless man with a sign that said â€Å"Homeless, please help.† My little brother read the sign and then asked, â€Å"Why can’t we help?† I hadn’t thought much about helping the homeless before. I usually just glanced at them on the side of the roads and went about my day. But my little brother’s question stayed in my head. I wanted to help. A few months later, my family and I were out in town and we saw a homeless man digging through the garbage, looking for foodRead MoreThe Homelessness Reduction And Prevention, Housing, And Facilities Bond1642 Words   |  7 PagesProposition HHH is the â€Å"Homelessness Reduction and Prevention, Housing, and Facilities Bond†(â€Å"City Proposes $1.2 billion Bond to House the Homeless†, n.d.). This measure will establish a 1.2 billion bond that will create funding towards permanent supportive housing, conventional affordable housing without services, shelters and other measures like portab le showers and storage facilities (â€Å"City Proposes $1.2 billion Bond to House the Homeless†, n.d.). The main goal of this proposition is to reduce homelessnessRead MoreHomelessness Is A Major Social Crisis Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pages In these places, homeless people are plentiful, yet they are almost always overlooked by the other San Franciscans who use those areas to work and play. Providing permanent housing (as opposed to places at shelters) to chronically homeless people has been proven to be an efficient method of combatting homelessness. I propose that San Francisco introduce a voluntary 10-cent tax on coffee, as a way of raising money to provide services to homeless people within permanent housing, and simultaneouslyRead MoreHomelessness And Poverty Are Inextricably Linked920 Words   |  4 PagesIdentify the problem â€Å"Homelessness and poverty are inextricably linked. Poor people are frequently unable to pay for housing, food, childcare, health care, and education. Difficult choices must be made when limited resources cover only some of these necessities. Often it is housing, which absorbs a high proportion of income that must be dropped. If you are poor, you are essentially an illness, an accident, or a paycheck away from living on the streets. Two factors help account for increasing poverty:Read MoreHomeless Shelters, A Lack Of Resources Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesThirty-two percent of families facing homelessness were rejected by homeless shelters because of â€Å"a lack of resources† (Gerges 19). If city officials don’t formulate concise response plans, homeless shelters won t be able to accommodate the influx of people without access to other shelters. Some of these people are forced to stay in the cold or other harsh weather conditions. As a result, numerous homeles s people suffer from conditions like frostbite and hypothermia during the winter due to theRead MoreThe Effects Of Homelessness On The United States1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn Stanislaus county the homeless population has grown from 1,156 in 2005 to 1,800 today and still growing. Modesto had the highest count of homelessness with 983 documented homeless individuals according to a 2015 Modesto Bee study and sadly, the amount increases as surrounding areas begin to enforce strict laws. These laws criminalize and relocate homeless folk to our county. There are no exceptions to the cold reality of homelessness: men, women, children, military veterans, individuals, andRead MoreHomeless People Are Dependent On Their Resident City s Shelter System1210 Words   |  5 PagesMost homeless people are dependent on their resident city’s shelter system to protect themselves from severe weather conditions. If city officials don’t formulate concise response plans, homeless shelte rs won t be able to accommodate the influx of people without access to another shelter. Some of these people are forced to stay in the cold or other harsh weather conditions. As a result, numerous homeless people suffer from conditions like frostbite and hypothermia during the winter due to the lackRead MoreCombating Homelessness With Affordable Housing1338 Words   |  6 Pages30 January 2015 Combating Homelessness with Affordable Housing in Hawaii Out of all the states in the America, Hawaii holds the third highest rate of homelessness. 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The Vampire Diaries The Struggle Chapter Eight Free Essays

string(50) " his step and avoided his eyes when he came near\." â€Å"What?† said Elena dully. â€Å"Well, the way she ended up, in her slip. She looked just like she did when we found her on the road, only then she was all scratched up, too. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vampire Diaries: The Struggle Chapter Eight or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"Cat scratches, we thought,† said Meredith, finishing the last bite of her cake. She seemed to be in one of her quiet, thoughtful moods; right now she was watching Elena closely. â€Å"But that doesn’t seem very likely.† Elena looked straight back at her. â€Å"Maybe she fell in some brambles,† she said. â€Å"Now, if you guys are finished eating, do you want to see that first note?† They left their dishes in the sink and climbed the stairs to Elena’s room. Elena felt herself flush as the other girls read the note. Bonnie and Meredith were her best friends, maybe her only friends now. She’d read them passages from her diary before. But this was different. It was the most humiliating feeling she’d ever had. â€Å"Well?† she said to Meredith. â€Å"The person who wrote this is five feet eleven inches tall, walks with a slight limp, and wears a false mustache,† Meredith intoned. â€Å"Sorry,† she added, seeing Elena’s face. â€Å"Not funny. Actually, there’s not much to go on, is there? The writing looks like a guy’s, but the paper looks feminine.† â€Å"And the whole thing has sort of a feminine touch,† put in Bonnie, bouncing slightly on Elena’s bed. â€Å"Well, it does,† she said defensively. â€Å"Quoting bits of your diary back at you is the kind of thing a woman would think of. Men don’t care about diaries.† â€Å"You just don’t want it to be Damon,† said Meredith. â€Å"I would think you’d be more worried about him being a psycho killer than a diary thief.† â€Å"I don’t know; killers are sort of romantic. Imagine your dying with his hands around your throat. He’d strangle the life out of you, and the last thing you’d see would be his face.† Putting her own hands to her throat, Bonnie gasped and expired tragically, ending up draped across the bed. â€Å"He can have me anytime,† she said, eyes still closed. It was on Elena’s lips to say, â€Å"Don’t you understand, this isserious ,† but instead she hissed in a breath. â€Å"Oh,God ,† she said, and ran to the window. The day was humid and stifling, and the window had been opened. Outside on the skeletal branches of the quince tree was a crow. Elena threw the sash down so hard that the glass rattled and tinkled. The crow gazed at her through the trembling panes with eyes like obsidian. Rainbows glimmered in its sleek black plumage. â€Å"Why did yousay that?† she said, turning to Bonnie. â€Å"Hey, there’s nobody out there,† said Meredith gently. â€Å"Unless you count the birds.† Elena turned away from them. The tree was empty now. â€Å"I’m sorry,† said Bonnie in a small voice, after a moment. â€Å"It’s just that it all doesn’t seem real sometimes, even Mr. Tanner’s being dead doesn’t seem real. And Damon did look†¦ well, exciting. But dangerous. I â€Å"And besides, he wouldn’t squeeze your throat; he’d cut it,† Meredith said. â€Å"Or at least that was what he did to Tanner. But the old man under the bridge had his throat ripped open, as if some animal had done it.† Meredith looked to Elena for clarification. â€Å"Damon doesn’t have an animal, does he?† â€Å"No. I don’t know.† Suddenly, Elena felt very tired. She was worried about Bonnie, about the consequences of those foolish words. â€Å"I can do anything to you, to you and the ones you love,† she remembered. What might Damon do now? She didn’t understand him. He was different every time they met. In the gym he’d been taunting, laughing at her. But the next time she would swear that he’d been serious, quoting poetry to her, trying to get her to come away with him. Last week, with the icy graveyard wind lashing around him, he’d been menacing, cruel. And underneath his mocking words last night, she’d felt the same menace. She couldn’t predict what he’d do next. But, whatever happened, she had to protect Bonnie and Meredith from him. Especially since she couldn’t warn them properly. And what was Stefan up to? She needed him right now, more than anything. Wherewas he? It started that morning. â€Å"Let me get this straight,† Matt said, leaning against the scarred body of his ancient Ford sedan when Stefan approached him before school. â€Å"You want to borrow my car.† â€Å"Yes,† Stefan said. â€Å"And the reason you want to borrow it is flowers. You want to get some flowers for Elena.† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"And these particular flowers, these flowers you’ve just got to get, don’t grow around here.† â€Å"They might. But their blooming season is over this far north. And the frost would have finished them off anyway.† â€Å"So you want to go down south – how far south you don’t know – to find some of these flowers that you’ve just got to give to Elena.† â€Å"Or at least some of the plants,† Stefan said. â€Å"I’d rather have the actual flowers though.† â€Å"And since the police still have your car, you want to borrow mine, for however long it takes you to go down south and find these flowers that you’ve just got to give to Elena.† â€Å"I figure driving is the least conspicuous way to leave town,† Stefan explained. â€Å"I don’t want the police to follow me.† â€Å"Uh huh. And that’s why you want my car.† â€Å"Am I going to give my car to the guy who stole my girlfriend and now wants to take a jaunt down south to get her some kind of special flowers she’s just got to have? Are you crazy?† Matt, who had been staring out over the roofs of the frame houses across the street, turned at last to look at Stefan. His blue eyes, usually cheerful and straightforward, were full of utter disbelief, and surmounted by twisted, puckered brows. Stefan looked away. He should have known better. After everything Matt had already done for him, to expect more was ridiculous. Especially these days, when people flinched from the sound of his step and avoided his eyes when he came near. You read "The Vampire Diaries: The Struggle Chapter Eight" in category "Essay examples" To expect Matt, who had the best of reasons to resent him, to do him such a favor with no explanation, on the basis of faith alone, reallywas insane. â€Å"No, I’m not crazy,† he said quietly, and turned to go. â€Å"Neither am I,† Matt had said. â€Å"And I’d have to be crazy to turn my car over to you. Hell, no. I’m going with you.† By the time Stefan had turned back around, Matt was looking at the car instead of him, lower lip thrust forward in a wary, judicious pout. â€Å"After all,† he’d said, rubbing at the flaking vinyl of the roof, â€Å"you might scratch the paint or something.† Elena put the phone back on the hook.Somebody was at the boarding house, because somebody kept picking up the phone when it rang, but after that there was only silence and then the click of disconnection. She suspected it was Mrs. Flowers, but that didn’t tell her anything about where Stefan was. Instinctively, she wanted to go to him. But it was dark outside, and Stefan had warned her specifically not to go out in the dark, especially not anywhere near the cemetery or the woods. The boarding house was near both. â€Å"No answer?† said Meredith as Elena came back and sat down on the bed. â€Å"She keeps hanging up on me,† Elena said, and muttered something under her breath. â€Å"Did you say she was a witch?† â€Å"No, but it rhymes with that,† said Elena. â€Å"Look,† said Bonnie, sitting up. â€Å"If Stefan’s going to call, he’ll call here. There’s no reason for you to come and stay the night with me.† Therewas a reason, although Elena couldn’t quite explain it even to herself. After all, Damon had kissed Bonnie at Alaric Saltzman’s party. It was Elena’s fault that Bonnie was in danger in the first place. Somehow she felt that if she were at least on the scene, she might be able to protect Bonnie. â€Å"My mom and dad and Mary are all home,† Bonnie persisted. â€Å"And we lock all our doors and windows and everything since Mr. Tanner was murdered. This weekend Dad even put on extra locks. I don’t see whatyou can do.† She left a message for Stefan with Aunt Judith, telling him where she was. There was still a lingering constraint between her and her aunt. And there would be, Elena thought, until Aunt Judith changed her mind about Stefan. At Bonnie’s house, she was given a room that had belonged to one of Bonnie’s sisters who was now in college. The first thing she did was check the window. It was closed and locked, and there was nothing outside that someone could climb, like a drainpipe or tree. As inconspicuously as possible, she also checked Bonnie’s room and any others she could get into. Bonnie was right; they were all sealed up tight from the inside. Nothing from the outside could get in. She lay in bed a long time that night, staring at the ceiling, unable to sleep. She kept remembering Vickie dreamily doing a striptease in the cafeteria. What was wrong with the girl? She would remember to ask Stefan that next time she saw him. Thoughts of Stefan were pleasant, even with all the terrible things that had happened recently. Elena smiled in the darkness, letting her mind wander. Someday all this harassment would be over, and she and Stefan could plan a life together. Of course, he hadn’t actually said anything about that, but Elena herself was sure. She was going to marry Stefan, or no one. And Stefan was going to marry no one but her†¦ The transition into dreaming was so smooth and gradual that she scarcely noticed it. But she knew, somehow, that shewas dreaming. It was as if a little part of her was standing aside and watching the dream like a play. She was sitting in a long hallway, which was covered with mirrors on one side and windows on the other. She was waiting for something. Then she saw a flicker of movement, and Stefan was standing outside the window. His face was pale and his eyes were hurt and angry. She went over to the window, but she couldn’t hear what he was saying because of the glass. In one hand, he was holding a book with a blue velvet cover, and he kept gesturing to it and asking her something. Then he dropped the book and turned away. â€Å"Stefan, don’t go! Don’t leave me!† she cried. Her fingers flattened whitely on the glass. Then she noticed that there was a latch on one side of the window and she opened it, calling to him. But he had disappeared and outside she saw only swirling white mist. Disconsolately, she turned away from the window and began walking down the hall. Her own image glimmered in mirror after mirror as she went by them. Then something about one of the reflections caught her eye. The eyes were her eyes, but there was a new look in them, a predatory, sly look. Vickie’s eyes had looked that way when she was undressing. And there was something disturbing and hungry about her smile. As she watched, standing still, the image suddenly whirled around and around, as if dancing. Horror swept over Elena. She began to run down the hall, but now all the reflections had a life of their own, dancing, beckoning to her, laughing at her. Just when she thought her heart and lungs would burst with terror, she reached the end of the corridor and flung open a door. She was standing in a large and beautiful room. The lofty ceiling was intricately carved and inlaid with gold; the doorways were faced with white marble. Classical statues stood in niches along the walls. Elena had never seen a room of such splendor, but she knew where she was. In Renaissance Italy, when Stefan She looked down at herself and saw she was wearing a dress like the one she’d had made for Halloween, the ice blue Renaissance ball gown. But this dress was a deep ruby red, and around her waist she wore a thin chain set with brilliant red stones. The same stones were in her hair. When she moved, the silk shimmered like flames in the light of hundreds of torches. At the far end of the room, two huge doors swung inward. A figure appeared between them. It walked toward her, and she saw that it was a young man dressed in Renaissance clothing, doublet and hose and fur-trimmed jerkin. Stefan! She started toward him eagerly, feeling the weight of her dress swing from the waist. But when she got closer she stopped, drawing in a sharp breath. It was Damon. He kept on walking toward her, confident, casual. He was smiling, a smile of challenge. Reaching her, he put one hand over his heart and bowed. Then he held out the hand to her as if daring her to take it. â€Å"Do you like dancing?† he said. Except that his lips didn’t move. The voice was in her mind. Her fear drained away, and she laughed. What was wrong with her, to have ever been afraid of him? They understood each other very well. But instead of taking his hand, she turned away, the silk of the dress turning after her. She moved lightly toward one of the statues along the wall, not glancing back to see if he was following her. She knew he would. She pretended to be absorbed in the statue, moving away again just as he reached her, biting her lip to hold in the laughter. She felt wonderful right now, so alive, so beautiful. Dangerous? Of course, this game was dangerous. But she had always enjoyed danger. The next time he drew near her, she glanced at him teasingly as she turned. He reached out, but caught only the jeweled chain at her waist. He let go quickly, and, looking back, she saw that the pronged setting on one of the gems had cut him. The drop of blood on his finger was just the color of her dress. His eyes flashed at her sideways, and his lips curved in a taunting smile as he held the wounded finger up. You wouldn’t dare, those eyes said. Oh, wouldn’t I? Elena told him with her own eyes. Boldly, she took his hand and held it a moment, teasing him. Then she brought the finger to her lips. After a few moments, she released it and looked up at him. â€Å"Ido like dancing,† she said, and found that, like him, she could speak with her mind. It was a thrilling sensation. She moved to the center of the room and waited. He followed her, graceful as a stalking beast. His fingers were warm and hard when they clasped hers. There was music, although it faded in and out and sounded far away. Damon placed his other hand on her waist. She could feel the warmth of his fingers there, the pressure. She picked up her skirts, and they began dancing. It was lovely, like flying, and her body knew every move to make. They danced around and around that empty room, in perfect timing, together. He was laughing down at her, his dark eyes glittering with enjoyment. She felt so beautiful; so poised and alert and ready for anything. She couldn’t remember when she’d had this much fun. The room around her was blurring. She could see only his eyes, and they were making her feel more and more sleepy. She allowed her own eyes to half close, her head to fall back. She sighed. She couldfeel his gaze now, on her lips, on her throat. She smiled to herself and let her eyes close completely. He was supporting her weight now, keeping her from falling down. She felt his lips on the skin of her neck, burning hot as if he had a fever. Then she felt the sting, like the jabs of two needles. It was over quickly, though, and she relaxed to the pleasure of having her blood drawn out. She remembered this feeling, the feeling of floating on a bed of golden light. A delicious languor stole through all her limbs. She felt drowsy, as if it were too much trouble to move. She didn’t want to move anyway; she felt too good. Her fingers were resting on his hair, clasping his head to her. Idly, she threaded them through the soft dark strands. His hair was like silk, warm and alive under her fingers. When she opened her eyes a slit, she saw that it reflected rainbows in the candlelight. Red and blue and purple, just like – just like the feathers†¦ And then everything shattered. There was pain at her throat suddenly, as if her soul was being torn out of her. She was pushing at Damon, clawing at him, trying to force him away. Screams rang in her ears. Damon was fighting her, but it wasn’t Damon; it was a crow. Huge wings beat against her, thrashing in the air. Her eyes were open. She was awake and screaming. The ballroom was gone, and she was in a darkened bedroom. But the nightmare had followed her. Even as she reached for the light, it came at her again, wings thrashing in her face, sharp beak diving for her. Elena struck out at it, one hand flung up to protect her eyes. She was still screaming. She couldn’t get away from it, those terrible wings kept flailing frantically, with a sound like a thousand decks of cards being shuffled at once. The door burst open, and she heard shouts. The warm, heavy body of the crow struck her and her screams went higher. Then someone was pulling her off the bed, and she was standing protected behind Bonnie’s father. He had a broom and he was beating at the bird with it. Bonnie was standing in the doorway. Elena ran into her arms. Bonnie’s father was shouting, and then came the slam of a window. â€Å"It’s out,† Mr. McCullough said, breathing hard. Mary and Mrs. McCullough were just outside in the hallway, clad in bathrobes. â€Å"You’re hurt,† Mrs. McCullough said to Elena in amazement. â€Å"The nasty thing’s pecked you.† â€Å"I’m okay,† Elena said, brushing at a spot of blood on her face. She was so shaken that her knees were â€Å"How did it getin?† said Bonnie. Mr. McCullough was inspecting the window. â€Å"You shouldn’t have left this open,† he said. â€Å"And what did you want to take the locks off for?† â€Å"I didn’t,† Elena cried. â€Å"It was unlocked and open when I heard you screaming and came in,† Bonnie’s father said. â€Å"I don’t know who else could have opened it but you.† Elena choked back her protests. Hesitantly, cautiously, she moved to the window. He was right; the locks had been unscrewed. And it could have been done only from the inside. â€Å"Maybe you were sleepwalking,† said Bonnie, leading Elena away from the window as Mr. McCullough began putting the locks back on. â€Å"We’d better get you cleaned up.† Sleepwalking. Suddenly the entire dream flooded back to Elena. The hall of mirrors, and the ballroom, and Damon. Dancing with Damon. She pulled out of Bonnie’s grasp. â€Å"I’ll do it myself,† she said, hearing her own voice quaver on the edge of hysteria. â€Å"No – really – I want to.† She escaped into the bathroom and stood with her back to the locked door, trying to breathe. The last thing she wanted to do was look in a mirror. But at last, slowly, she approached the one over the sink, trembling as she saw the edge of her reflection, moving inch by inch until she was framed in the silvery surface. Her image stared back, ghastly pale, with eyes that looked bruised and frightened. There were deep shadows under them and smears of blood on her face. Slowly, she turned her head slightly and lifted up her hair. She almost cried out loud when she saw what was underneath. Two little wounds, fresh and open on the skin of her neck. How to cite The Vampire Diaries: The Struggle Chapter Eight, Essay examples

Interventions for Long Term Drug Abusers

Question: Write about theInterventions for Long Term Drug Abusers for Social Life. Answer: Introduction Drug abuse is the complete reliance on a chemical substance for the achievement of a certain state of mind. Drug abuse can range from using illegal substances to overusing prescribed drugs. A 2012 report from the National Institute on Drug Abuse showed that 23.9 million people were long- term drug abusers. Drug abuse affects an individuals social, physical, and emotional life. Continued abuse of drugs leads to addiction. An intervention is a deliberate process to educate and confront a drug abuser in an attempt to convince them to seek treatment (Johnson,1986). Family members, close friends, and a professional interventionist gather in a meeting during an intervention (Kumper et al., 1995). An intervention should be carefully planned to avoid failure and to drive the abuser further away. A drug abuser will often show signs of social withdrawal, lack of proper hygiene, irritability, weight changes, bloodshot eyes, financial problems among others (Kolb, 1995). An intervention involves identifying the problem, helping the person to seek treatment, and follow- up. Long term drug abusers entirely rely on drugs, and they become part of their lives. Getting them to acknowledge the problem and seek treatment is an uphill task (Hall,1993). Recovery from drug abuse starts with the acknowledgement of the addiction. It is important to note that some drug abusers recognize their problem but have a hard time turning away from their behavior. This paper looks at different interventions for long-term drug abusers. The Johnson Intervention This method is a refined version of the traditional a confrontational model. In the past, confrontation was negative and blamed the addict for their behavior. This method is considered insensitive according to todays standards. Dr. Johnson came up with this model during the 70s when it was believed that an addict should hit rock bottom to warrant an intervention. The rock bottom in these cases involved tragic deaths from accidents or suicide. It was believed that as long as an addict had a job, a family and a social life, an intervention was not necessary. Dr. Johnson created a model that would save lives of addicts before it was too late. In Johnsons model, a team of family members, close friends, and colleagues is lead by an interventionist (Johnson,1986). The members are advised to learn more about addiction, maintain positivity, and remain empathetic. After all the necessary arrangements, a venue is chosen and the abuser lured to the venue. The team carefully confronts the abuser with their concerns. The group is advised to remind the abuser that they love them, and to avoid any blame and hurt. This model can be tailored to fit the needs of an individual. A spouse may be trained and prepared for confrontation, or a best friend. The addict may respond positively to the intervention. The team is advised to prepare for setbacks because some people might respond negatively. The next step is to encourage and support the abuser in seeking treatment( Loneck Garret, 1996). The ARISE Intervention This model is slightly different from the Jonsons model. This method involves informing the abuser of the intention to intervene. This method is formal, and a professional is involved. The addict is informed of every step to avoid any surprises (Landau et al., 1997). Once the drug abuser agrees to the intervention, the meetings stop and the intervention begins. Addiction and drug abuse affect the involved individual and the family. This model seeks to heal both the abuser and the family members. In many circumstances, family members, especially spouses change their behavior to accommodate the abuser. Some family members make excuses for the addict or join them in their indulgence (Hall, 1993). The ARISE model seeks to stop this behavior to prepare the abuser for recovery. Dr. Judith Landau co-founded the ARISE model after the death of her parents through drugs. Through her experience, she learned the importance of incorporating the family into the healing process. This model has worked for most people (Landau et al. 1997). This method uses the family network to support the drug abuser. The Love First Intervention This method was developed in the year 2000. A team of worried family members and friends come together with a strict agenda (Jay Jay, 2008). A priest or any trusted family member is made the team leader. The team consists of at least three members. The members are instructed to write letters. These letters are divided into four parts. The first part looks into the relationship between the writer and the abuser. The letter reminisces about past experiences and is concluded with a love message (Hall, 1993). The second part includes instances when the abuser caused the writer pain or embarrassment. The third part is an account of concern. The writer expresses concern and encourages the writer to seek treatment. The fourth and final part states the consequences of failure to adhere to the intervention. This part appears on a different page. The team letters edit each others letters to remove any hostile words and to ensure encouragement. The letters contain suggestions to enter different inpatient facilities. The team makes arrangements with these facilities in case the abuser accepts help. The drug abuser is invited to an agreed venue. The letters are read, and if the patient agrees to seek help, the meeting is ended and the person taken to a health facility immediately. This means that not all letters are read (Jay Jay, 2008). If the patient remains adamant, the reading continues. When all fail, the bottom lines are read (Kumpfer Alvarado, 1995). If the addict accepts help and at some point feel like leaving the facility, the letters are presented to him for review and encouragement. This intervention should be concluded with support for treatment. The Tough Love Model This model is intense and should be approached with care. This method involves confronting the drug abuser with consequences. Research has shown that only 10% of patients require this type of intervention. If the person fails to stop abusing drugs, the family moves on without the person (Stanton, 2004). In the case of children, the parents ask them to leave home if they fail to stop abusing drugs. In the case of adults, the family cuts all contact and moves on (Loneck et al., 1996). Years of hurt and embarrassment from the addiction may brew anger and hostility. This method requires a professional interventionist. The professional interventionist guides the family in writing down the consequences without anger and hostility. The drug abuser requires love and encouragement ( Liepman et al., 1989). This method works for those who do not respond to compassion and love. The consequences outline what the abusers tend to lose if they fail to change. This method works for long-term abusers who have refused to respond to the normal intervention methods. The family members may include consequences such as taking custody of the kids, being driven away from home or cut off any financial assistance (Lowinson et al. 2005). Conclusion Drug abuse is a sensitive subject that requires technique and expertise. The first step is acceptance and love towards the drug abuser. Different people respond differently to interventions. An intervention should be tailor-made to suit an individual (Bassin, 1975). An interventionist with the right qualifications is an essential asset in the intervention process. The interventionist acts as a neutral party. The above methods of intervention are carried out differently to suit different individuals. Identifying the most suitable method is essential (Hall, 1993). When loved ones fail to confront, they become enablers. Most drug abusers are not aware of the problem. The main aim of an intervention is to drive the abuser close to treatment. Getting an addict to accept help is the hardest part. Some addicts are aware of their problem but are unwilling to turn away from their addiction. The tough love method applies consequences such as sacking from a job, taking the kids away, or cutting ties. According to Bassin (1993), confrontational tactics should influence the individuals character. A carefully planned intervention works almost all the time. Interventions are not always successful. Families and friends should be ready for failure. An addict may refuse to seek treatment after an intervention. The interventionist, in this case, helps the family to carry out the agreed consequences (Kolb, 1995). The addict becomes the loser and might think things over. This can take weeks or even months to accomplish. Patience is key in all interventions. References Bassin, A.(1975), Different Strokes for Different Folks: A Defense of Confrontation Tactics in Psychotherapy The Counseling Psychologists. 5(7). 128-130 Best D., Gross S., Vingoe L., Witton J., Strang J.(2003) Dangerousness of drugs. A guide to the risks and harms associated with substance misuse London: Department of Health Hall.J (1993), What Really Works? A Case Analysis and Discussion of Confrontational Intervention for Substance Abuse Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 7 , 322-327 Jay,D., Jay. J. (2008), Love First: A Familys Guide to Intervention Minnesota: HazelDen Johnson, V.(1986) Intervention: How to Help Someone Who Doesnt Want Help Minneapolis: Johnson Institute Books Kolb,L.(1995) Types and Characteristics of Drug Addicts Mental Hygiene, 9. 300-317 Kumpfer, L.,Alvarado, R.(1995) Family-based Interventions for Substance Use and Misuse Prevention Substance Use and Misuse Vol 38, 1759-1787 Landau,J., Shea, R., Garret, J., Stanton ,M, Baciewicz ,S., Brinkman, D.(1997) Strength in Numbers: The ARISE Method for Using Families and Networks to Engage Addicted Persons in Treatment New York: Brunner/ Mazel Liepman,M., Nirenberg,T., Begin, A.( 1989) Evaluation of a Program Designed to Help Families and Significant Others tp Motivate Resistant Alcoholics into Recovery American Journal of Drugs Alcohol Abuse 15(2), 200-221 Loneck, B., Garret, J., Banks,S. (1996) A Comparison of the John Intervention with Four Other Methods of Referral to Outpatient Treatment The American Journal of Drugs Alcohol Abuse 22,233-246 Lowinson, H., Ruiz, P., Robert, B., Langrod, G.(2005). Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Stanton,M.(2004) Getting Reluctant Substance Abusers to Engage in Treatment/Self-help: A Review of Outcomes and Clinical Options Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 30(2), 165-182

Review of Part 3 of Omnivores Dilemma free essay sample

FoodReview of Part 3 of The Omnivore’s Dilemma ENGL-135 Advanced Composition Professor Edmondson William McGuire In Part 3, Chapters 15, 16, and 17 of The Omnivore’s Dilemma, Michael Pollan explores looking foraging for different foods, the ethics of hunting animals and harvesting the meat from them, and giving a brief look into what brought about the paradox of The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Chapters 15, 16, and 17 bring up a lot of good points about foraging and hunting and Pollan provides through detail and research on the topics, but upon reading these chapters you find it lacking content that will keep you engaged and the material can be pretty dry at times while you get a little bit of disorganization from random topics. Chapter 15 of Omnivores Dilemma was a short chapter on how Pollan is preparing to make a meal from all of the foraging groups. Fruits, vegetables, fungi, and meat were the components that made up this meal, he wanted to find and gather enough from each group to make his first. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Part 3 of Omnivores Dilemma or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pollan had just moved to California, so his unfamiliarity with the area was a disadvantage, so he decided to hire a companion to help him on his quest. Chapter 16 takes the reader to a different venue, Pollan discusses the beginnings of The Omnivore’s Dilemma through a research paper that was written in 1976 by Paul Rozin and titled The Selection of Foods by Rats, Humans, and Other Animals. Pollan expresses how similar we are to rats that we are omnivores, but unlike rats, we have lost our instinct of choosing food and follow advertisements as our guide. He then goes on to suggest that the problems stem from capitalistic gains and the pursuit of revenue. In chapter 17 we are taken back to Pollan on his foraging quest he started in chapter 15. This chapter looks more at the ethics of hunting and eating animals that are not processed in processing plants like we are so use to seeing. Pollan brings up reasoning on why he is a meat eater and battles with the struggle on if eating meat at a steakhouse is morally right and ethical. He goes into detail about the way the animal lived and if the animal had a long, happy, humane life. The author concludes that if we look away from how the animal goes from being on the farm to a freezer in the supermarket then people turn vegetarian and if we can’t look away then we have to find a way to accept it and determine if the animal endured a lifetime of suffering. Part 3 in the book meets two out of the three common expectations and displays some strong descriptive wording to give you a sense of imagery when you read certain parts of the book as well as give you a good understanding on the point he is trying to get across. An example of one of the statements that he uses to paint a picture for you and try to bring you there is â€Å"I began to notice things. I noticed the soft yellow globes of chamomile edging the path I hiked most afternoons, and spotted clumps of miner’s lettuce off in the shade (Claytonia, a succulent coin-shaped green I had once grown in my Connecticut garden) and wild mustard out in the sun. (Angelo called it rapini, and said the young leaves were delicious sauteed in olive oil and garlic. ) There were blackberries in flower and the occasional edible bird: a few quail, a pair of doves. (Pollan, pg. 285) Another strength in this book is the subject matter that pertains to what the author is trying to convey to the reader, Pollan is trying to show the readers that the way we use to obtain and eat food is ever changing and will continue to change and we are easy to influence as it pertains to our diets, he does well in keeping to the theme of his book. The weaknesses of Part 3 cover two of the three common expectations and they are the lack of engagement for the reader and the order in which the subject matter is presented. This book is not tailored for someone who loves to read fantasy or action, something that will leave you hanging on the edge of your seat wanting more. Instead what you get is someone detailing his experiences and research that supports a lot of his ideas, ethics of eating animals, and corn sex, alas no explosions or protagonist/antagonist struggle. I found myself dozing off a few times feeling like I was in an agriculture lecture or biology class. The subject matter is laid out well in some parts of the book, but Pollan jumps around a lot with the material, for instance, in chapter 15 he is foraging for food then chapter 16 is about a research article that gave him inspiration to write The Omnivore’s Dilemma, and then chapter 17 is about his moral conflict of eating steak at a steakhouse and whether or not the animal had to suffer to get to his plate. I think the book needs some improvement in this regard so the author is not jumping to different topics at random. In The Omnivore’s Dilemma, the author Michael Pollan is somewhat successful in satisfying the common expectations for the chapters I have read, one of the expectations is both a strength and a weakness for this part of the book. I think that the book as a whole does not satisfy the common expectations with the big one being engagement, there will be people who are interested in this book but it is only a small facet of the readers out there today. The book does deliver on the use of imagery and the subject matter stays on topic most of the time and supports his ideas and theories. Later on in part 3 in the next three chapters he goes on the hunt and he elaborates on the history of pigs that are not native to California and his feelings after the kill. He then finds some wild mushrooms to pair with the meat he has acquired from harvesting the pig and talks about his adventures trying to find non-poisonous mushrooms; and the final chapter presents the author preparing the meal with all of the components he has foraged for and harvested. Works Cited Pollan, M. (2006). The Omnivores Dilemma. New York, New York: Penguin Books.

The Roots of Dependency essays

The Roots of Dependency essays 1. The Navajos, Pawnees, and Choctaws all had to endure European, political, economical, and environmental threats to their own culture. When the life and subsistence system (hunting and gathering) of an Indian Nation is affected; in one way or another it has an affect on an Indian population as a hole. The trials and tribulations that these three tribal nations have experienced is proof of that. Gradually the Indian community would go through a period of destruction and enormous amounts of prejudice that consequently would be the North American Indians downfall. The reliability of the Navajos to the government to maintain their everyday Navajo culture was prevalent due to the despicable attitudes and influence of Europeans. By 1945 the government had transformed the Navajo economy.....They were no longer self-supporting people (White, 310). Navajo dependency would point the finger at the reduction of resources as the cause of the problem. Resources such as the issuing of grazing permits, stockowners being forced below subsistence, and one-half of the Navajos corn crop were just a few of the reductions the government demanded. Fortunately Navajos rejected commercial economical values during the early 1900s, which prolonged their independence. Once the government gave the Navajos the power to revise the existing regulations to meet their objections, it (government) retained the right to veto any objectionable provisions the Navajos might insert in the regulations (White, 309-310). Once this occurred non-Indians could hold on to adequat e resources. The Navajo population was doubling and the resources were dwindling just as fast. The loss of subsistence land would be the biggest change of the North American Indians. Take for example the Choctaws. European diseases, the slave trade, and racially motivated influences forced t ...

TOK Essay Writing Guide For 2017

TOK Essay Writing Guide For 2017 What is a Tok Essay TOK stands for Theory of Knowledge. The TOK essay was conceptualized by the International Baccalaureate. The essay is to be between 1200 and 1600 total words, and is written on one of the topics that the IB has established. These are also known as titles. If you are in an International Baccalaureate program at your school, achieving a good grade on the TOK essay is imperative if you wish to graduate with this endorsement on your diploma. The paragraphs that follow will help you to select the best title, master the TOK essay format, do your research, take notes and create an working outline, and even guide you to some useful writing samples. We hope these guidelines will help to answer any questions you have, and that you will be able to formulate a plan for success. You know that IB students have advantages that include being highly sought after by colleges and universities and having a greater chance at becoming successful during and after the college years. By mastering the TOK essay format, you will truly be helping yourself. TOK Essay Title Selection Unlike other essays, you cannot simply choose from an unlimited number of topics. Your essay must be selected from one of the prescribed titles created by the International Baccalaureate Organization for 2017. Then, your essay must meet additional criteria. Specifically, it must be related to one of the eight areas of knowledge that have been defined by the IB. Selecting TOK Essay Titles: Areas of Knowledge Here are the eight areas of knowledge that a student in an IB program must master: History Mathematics The Arts Ethics Religious Knowledge Systems Human Science Indigenous Knowledge Systems Natural Science Choosing TOK Essay Titles 2017: Understanding The Questions Each year, a new set of questions are created for students to cover in their essays. These can be easily found online as the IB makes these public. What’s more important is to understand exactly what you need to do when writing about these topics. These aren’t the same as your standard custom writings. Understanding The Purpose of TOK Essay Topics Let’s Take a Look at Some TOK Essay Topics From Previous Years Here are some sample essay topics that are loosely based on some of the titles established for 2017. We’ll discuss exactly what information is being sought in each of these examples. Remember that each essay should in some way establish your understanding of knowledge and the learning process itself. This gives your instructor the opportunity to conduct a thorough assessment of your critical thinking skills. 1.Explore The Human Nature of Pattern Seeking a.Suggested Areas of Knowledge: There’s a lot that could be explored here with regard to perception and expectations. Science and religious knowledge systems could be two potentially interesting areas to dig into further. b.What to Cover: The dangers of relying on perception instead of examination. The ways in which pattern seeking impacts our ability to obtain new knowledge and to vet information we receive. 2.Explore Knowledge Traditions And Various Methods of Correcting Knowledge a.Suggested Areas of Knowledge: Ethics and natural science are definitely two areas where tradition and developing means of correcting the knowledge that informs or is informed by traditions. b.What to Cover: Traditions are difficult for people to let go of, especially when they are associated with religion or culture. How do you encourage corrective action without insulting traditions. 3.Write About Facts And Theories And How They Relate a.Suggested Areas of Knowledge: Human or natural science combined with indigenous or religious knowledge systems really seem to fit here. However, History would be an excellent addition to this. b.What to Cover: Theories are ideally based in fact, however many people using correlation rather than causation to draw conclusions. The result is faulty theories. Then there is the problem with poorly vetted facts. Explain how outdated or incorrect information impacts the development of theories. 4.What Happens When Subject Matter Experts Don’t Agree With Each Other? a.Suggested Areas of Knowledge: With this topic, any of the areas of knowledge could be excellent for potential exploration. b.What to Cover: When building their own knowledge, people turn to experts. How do they discern what to believe when the experts themselves disagree on important matters? Can external influences change the way that experts view or spin the truth? Climate change would be a great topic to use as an example for this question. 5.Looking at Historic Events With The Benefit of Hindsight a.Suggested Areas of Knowledge: History, Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Religious Knowledge Systems, and Ethics are all very good topics for an essay on this subject. b.What to Cover: It’s easy to judge the actions and behaviors of citizens, religious leaders, and political leaders when we have the benefit of historical perspective. However, by doing so we can prevent ourselves from gaining full insight into the way that situations impact   human behavior. Maybe explore how to write historical text in a more sympathetic way. 6.Write About The Knowledge And The Difficulty of Producing Knowledge a.Suggested Areas of Knowledge: Because this is such a broad question, once again all areas of knowledge could be subject to exploration here. b.What to Cover: The idea here is that the harder you have to work to obtain knowledge the more you will value it. Do you agree or disagree? You might address the topic of privilege here. How to Know Which TOK Essay Topics Are Best For You So, how do you pick the right topic? Look at each extended example above. As an IB student, you are familiar with all of the areas of knowledge. You might also consider looking at an exemplar online for each question that you are considering. Just google tipstok essay example, and you will likely find something. Mostly, you should pick a question that speaks to you, and apply the areas of knowledge that you can best show your academic and personal development. Planning Your Essay First and foremost, study the rubric that your teacher provides for you. This will be an amazing guide. Unfortunately, it is not complete. You may have to follow up and get more information on the standards for marking your essay. Here are the criteria by which your essay will be assessed. You must show that you have developed the ability to think critically. Focus on demonstrating self-awareness, and consider multiple perspectives on the issues you are addressing. Use concrete examples. The structure that you use is very important. It must have a logical flow. References must be cited. Factual accuracy is of utmost importance. Don’t make a declaration on any page without backing it up. Show the mastery that you have developed with regard to the knowledge issues. Your format is important. However, it is even more important that you demonstrate an adequate depth of knowledge and insight. Starting Your Essay As you begin writing your introduction, keep in mind that you have a limit of 1200 to 1600 words. Your thesis and introductory paragraph will really drive the length of your essay. If your focus is too narrow, you will struggle to meet the word count that you need. If your focus is too broad, you will go over the limit. You should probably spend at least 50 percent of your essay writing on creating your thesis statement. It is truly the foundation of what you are going to present to your instructor. Be sure that it is very well thought out, and that you can back up your thesis with plenty of evidence as well. Tips For Success Here are some tips that can help you to succeed: While you need to backup your statements of fact with sources, remember that this is a reflective essay. Here, you can share your thoughts and opinions. Don’t be afraid to use examples that are meaningful to you. Remember that MLA is the preferred citation format. Remember that The Phrase ‘How do You Know’ Should be Your Guide Run your essay through a text to speech translator. That will show you how it reads. Essay and punctuation are still important. Self Care During The Essay Writing Process You have worked very hard, and accomplished a lot to get to this point. The theory of knowledge essay is very important. You will need to put in many   hours of hard work. This will be intense, so remember to take good care of yourself. Don’t make the essay the center of your life. Enjoy your friends and keep other academic priorities in mind. Find a physical activity. Walking is amazing. Eat healthy foods and get enough rest. Ask for TOK Essay help when you need it. Connect with students who have already written their TOK essay. Conclusion You can do this! All you have to do is consider which question is best for you, follow the instructions, and know the standards that will be used to evaluate your writing. Take good care of yourself, and you are certain to do well.    Author: Amanda Sparks   huffingtonpost.ca/amanda-sparks/

Marketing proposal entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing proposal entrepreneurship - Essay Example We are planning to start a product-oriented business related to the hospitality sector. The business we have planned for is a bakery where ready-made and custom-designed cakes, biscuits, bread, cookies, and many other delicious products that will be sold to the customers. Being the new owner of a new bakery in Colorado, we would need to develop an effective business plan and conduct environment analysis to give a good start to the business. As mentioned above, we have planned for opening a new product-based business in Lakewood, Colorado. The idea is to open a bakery and provide a wide range of bakery products of the highest quality to the customers so that they always think of this bakery as their first choice. We will have all items available in the bakery which people love to eat. For example, there will be a wide range of wedding cakes, birthday cakes, and occasion cakes. Similarly, there will be a huge variety of biscuits, cookies, and pastas available for the customers. The bakery will be located in the Lakewood area because the level of competition is relatively low in that area as compared to other parts of Colorado, such as, Denver and Parker. The low level of competition at the early stages of the business will help us establish our name and making a strong customer base in that area. We will have one location during the first couple of years. After first two years, we will start expanding our business to oth er parts of Colorado as well as to other nearby states but all of that will depend upon the level of success which we will achieve in the initial years of business. We will meet the double/triple bottom line by focusing on the delivery of quality products to our precious customers. We will take special measures to ensure a favorable impact on the environment. We will adhere to the principles of corporate social responsibility as well as those of sustainability. Protection of the environment will be

Comparing and Contrasting the book and movie Act of Valor Essay

Comparing and Contrasting the book and movie Act of Valor - Essay Example passionately. It is up to the Navy SEALs to find the terrorist groups and eliminate the threats. They embark on threat elimination missions in various parts of the world where their different units are stationed. The Action filled film is as captivating as it is enlightening. Unlike the common occurrence, the Act of valor film precedes the Act of Valor book. The film story writer wrote the story from a fictional original idea and the book authors borrowed their ideas and plot from the book. The book is written by Dick Couch and George Galdorisi. The book goes deep into the details in the description of the characters and the events that take place. This paper will compare and contrast the Films and the book, Act of Valor. The book is more accurate than the movie since it gives more details of the story and anyone looking for a thrilling action story should read it. Comparison and Contrast The Plot in both the book and the film is similar. The plot begins with the Navy SEALs team bein g dispatched on a rescue mission in Columbia where a U.S. CIA agent is held captive by an enemy group. The SEAL team seven is dispatched on a ship to perform the mission that is expected to be simple and fast but they later get information that there are plans underway to attack the U.S. The SEALs are then given intelligence information to embark on a global manhunt to stop the terrorists’ plan that is very well coordinated. The action moves from Chechnya shifting to the Philippines and later to Ukraine and Somalia where the SEALs conduct combat attacks to stop the terrorists. With each mission that the SEALs accomplish, a new puzzle is served to them and they are sent out to join the pieces in different parts of the world where the terrorists are stationed. The Film and the book capture the lives of the SEALs members and how the missions affect them and their families back at home. The action filled plot turns into an emotional rollercoaster once in a while when the lives an d worries of the SEALs are detailed (McCoy & Wuagh). The characters in both the movie and in the book are the same. The book writers took their ideas from the film and they were obliged to ensure that all the characters in the film appeared in the book exactly as their lives are portrayed in the film. The fact that the book is written from the screen play makes it difficult for the book writers to ignore any significant occurrence in the film. One of the greatest differences between the book and the film is the lengthy description in the book. The book has to capture the exact character image portrayed in the movie and this calls for detailed description to create a mental picture of the character’s lives and descriptions. The movie features actual Navy SEALs and the book’s description is intact on their image and lives (McCoy & Wuagh). The writers of the book enjoy the availability of time and space in the book to add more information to the lives of the characters. T he movie is time bounded and the story had to be shorter. The book in the other hand goes deeper into the details of the SEALs description and the way they handled the missions. In the book, the attacks that the SEALs engage in are vividly described, making what the film shows seem like just a sneak peak of the real event. The book illustrates every single detail of the fictitious story in a very clear way that the reader can almost visualize the experience. In the movie, the combat scenes are well

Students who feel connected to peers Essay Example for Free

Students who feel connected to peers Essay In many cases, violence in schools may be due to lack of understanding and keen eye and ear to the students. Students need to have role models as well as a confidant they can talk to. However, â€Å"When they do not have access to caring adults, feelings of isolation, rejection, and disappointment are more likely to occur, increasing the probability of acting-out behaviors† (Dwyer et al, 1998, p. 10). This writing seeks to reveal what researchers and authors have unveiled concerning the belief that students who have a sense of connection with adults and/or teachers are more likely to go to them and warn them of a fellow student’s plan to violate the school community. Introduction Violence in schools can date as back as when humanity started. This statement simply means that violence can be defined as an occurrence that happens as a result of the imperfections of humanity. However, violence should not be taken as something that can harm the true bond of humanity but one that can be curbed and minimized with the right communication systems. In many cases, violence in schools can be avoided if only fear of attack after reporting violence plots can be curbed. As study carried out using hypothetical scenarios showed that though some students felt that fear of being punished or attacked would make them not intervene or report a violence plot. â€Å"High schools are generally larger than middle schools and provide less opportunity for teachers and students to interact, which is the foundation for building trust, caring and community between the two† Willenz (2009). Research findings on past occurrences and response levels In some cases schools have counselors to talk to the students and â€Å"At the high school level, counselors are part of the staff. However, the average high school counselor has between 350-400 students to advice. This is too many students for the counselor to have a personal relationship with students† (Johnson, n. d). However, a good number of students revealed that they would be willing and ready to report violence plots/plans to an adult or teacher if they not only had a good relationship with the adult/teacher and had a sense of belonging and were proud of their school. The main question would then be: how do schools/teachers create the kind of environment and relationships in schools that would encourage students to report such cases of violence or intervene if they would not pose danger to themselves? Researchers, authors and various front end campaigners have all tried to engage all their efforts towards finding the real and most effective way to curb violence in schools. Various authors have come to the conclusion that school policies and rules may be so rigid as to cause a gap between adults/teachers and students rather that creating the bond and kind of relationship that would encourage the students to freely speak out and report violence plots by fellow students. In this case the policies and rules would pose more harm to the school and its community more than they would be meant to protect and govern the relationships to create a safe haven for the school communities. In his article, The A-B-Cs of School Violence, Johnson (n. d) reveals that: â€Å"Researchers have completed an analysis of 37 school shootings. The research showed that students at school usually knew what would happen because the shooters had told them, but the bystanders didnt warn anyone. This disturbing pattern gives society a brief ray of hope, because this gives teachers time to intervene. If kids tell, teachers or parents might be able to learn what a student is planning before the violence erupts. † In most cases, schools and the community as well as governments have policies and measures meant to curb violence in schools after they occur, but few measures have been put in place to prevent violence incidents before they happen. As much as teachers may be seen as the adults to be reported to incase of a violence plan/plot, in many cases student counselors and parents can be of great importance in enhancing relationships and freedom of expression among students to ensure they would be free enough to go to the adults without fear of being reprimanded or attached by the violators. Student-teacher relationships have been seen as a great tool that can be used to help curb violence in schools. In order for a teacher to be able to enhance this relationship with the students, there is need for the teacher to ensure that he/she has â€Å"set forth both academic and behavioral expectations for all students. In addition to school wide codes, each teacher must articulate to students on the first day of class the basic standards of behavior for the class. Additional standards may be developed with input from the students to reinforce their commitment to the standards† Johnson (n. d). For violence in schools to be prevented, students must then be deemed as critical information sources as they get to interact at a closer, personal and individual manner than teachers do. Jimerson Furlong (2006) add that â€Å"Students also are an essential source of information and their input into the problem definition undertaking can provide the school safety team with substantial clarification and direction. † Researchers reveal that in some cases students would be comfortable and willing to give information on a fellow student planning to commit a violent offence in or out of the school if â€Å"children feel safe when expressing their needs, fears and anxieties to school staff† (Dwyer et al, 1998, p. 10). â€Å"Teachers who use cooperative learning, peer helping, cross-age mentoring, and community service facilitate resilience. These strategies create a connection or bond between the student and school, allow for practice with social skills, and decrease students’ likelihood of engaging in destructive behaviors† (Vitto, 2003). Having constraints with time, demanding curricular, need for great accountability, as well as pressures related to testing, the teachers’ desires to have and maintain positive and individual/personal relationships with students can be interfered with. In this case the closeness to adults and/or teachers that would encourage students to reports cases of violence before they happen would be reduced. To help counter this challenge, the inclusion of parents as the â€Å"watchful eye† over the students in their communities and schools could help enhance a bond with them as adults and increase the probability of the students reporting violence plans. Many authors have revealed that â€Å"Fear of getting into trouble makes students less willing to go to a teacher or principal with their concerns about a peers potentially dangerous plan and more likely to ignore the situation† (Willenz, 2009). As Vitto (2003) adds: â€Å"Unfortunately, many school reform initiatives focus on inadequate solutions, such as vouchers, increased testing and accountability, year-round schooling, harsher punishments, and zero-tolerance policies. These solutions are shortsighted and ignore critical factors such as the importance of positive teacher-student relationships and the development of social-emotional competencies and resilience† (p. 5). As many researchers have proven, finely operated schools nurture not only their academic but also safety and generally appropriate behaviors that help support students in attaining high standards, cultivate constructive relationships among school teachers, staff and students, and uphold significant parental and societal involvement. These promotes positive cohesion characteristics in schools, enhances prevention and suitable intervention as well as effective response from students in case of a response in reporting plans by fellow students to commit violence related offences. â€Å"For all students, Syvertsen et al. said, knowing they could voice their opinions and be heard by a school official along with their sense of belonging – how they and their friends fit into the school culture – best predicted whether they would confront the peer themselves or tell an adult† (Willenz, 2009).

Anglo-Saxon Values Essays -- essays research papers

Throughout the Anglo-Saxon and Middle Age periods the main characters always had a similar established value; honor. This value is prominent in Beowulf, â€Å"The Seafarer†, and The Canterbury Tales. Each of the main characters portray honor either to himself, his followers, his king, and/or his God. These poems are the different aspects of honor intertwined together to form the most prevailing value during this time frame.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beowulf is a story of a brave warrior who fights Grendel in the timeless battle of good versus evil. This era was an age of fierce battles coupled with equally fierce honor and loyalty to rulers. â€Å"†¦He and all his glorious band of Geats thanked God that their leader had come back unharmed.† The author is referring to the universal devotion expr...

A pocket guide celtic wales

The CeltsThe Celts are normally associated with Ireland ; nevertheless they did non arise from the island state, nor were they confined to that individual country. The first people to hold the same cultural traits originated in Northern Italy around 400 BC. These people finally created an imperium that spanned across Europe. Harmonizing to archeologists, the Celts originally migrated from Asia Minor into Western Europe, sometime during the Bronze Age, and so began to distribute across the continent. Most people lived in small towns which were all linked together by a larger cardinal town which acted as a topographic point for meeting and to carry oning concern. Along the normally traveled roads, there were both shrines and bastioned metropoliss erected for travellers. The Celts were a non-literate society that passed-on their civilization and history through unwritten tradition. The lone written record of the Celts can be found on coins or written records from ancient writers ; nevertheless these records are frequently inaccurate due to the fact that they were frequently written when the Celts came into cultural competition with the Greeks and Romans, where they were frequently branded as savages. The world is that the Celts physical characteristics, frock, and civilised manner of life were frequently admired. Women by and large stood taller that most Roman citizens, and upon making the proper age, immature adult females would get down have oning their hair in intricate plaits and would have on intricately embroidered frocks, frequently plaid in form. This plaid form was found in both adult females and work forces ‘s vesture along with gold and Ag watchbands and rings which were worn by the wealthy. The Gaelic work forces would frequently sp ike their hair and turn out their face funguss ; in some folks so would even tattoo their weaponries and even their face with bluish ink. The Celtic society was a hierarchy based system which was divided into three groups: The Warrior Aristocracy, the Intellectual Class made up of poets, legal experts and the Druids, and so everyone else ; nevertheless these three groups were farther divided into sub-groups. The society was based on affinity and what tribe the individual belonged to. One ‘s ethnicity was chiefly derived from a larger group called a Tuath, but finally one ‘s kin or Cenedl. Much like the packs of today, disputes between persons would ensue in a difference between the kins that the persons belonged to. It was the occupation of the legal expert, known as Brithem, to intercede these differences between kins. Within Celtic society adult females held a high function. Often adult females would really take part in conflict as warriors and some even held places of power within the kins. Even though most constructs of the Gaelic people are that of ferocious warriors, batting with painted faces, half bare, and ready to take on any enemy that crossed their way, this was non needfully the instance. The Celts were a really superstitious and spiritual society, which is frequently incorporated with the images of Druids. This image of Merlin projecting charming enchantments and turning his friends into cunning animate beings is the â€Å" Disney † version of Gaelic civilization. This image ignores the true bloodiness of the Celtic civilization which included human forfeit by fire or boiling the victim alive. Until Rome became a Christian imperium, the Celtic imperium in Gaul practiced the tradition of nailing the caputs of their conquered enemies to their doors. There are two theories on the beginning of the Celtic faith ( known as Druidism ) . One theory is that the faith spread as the Celts migrated west across Europe, conveying their faith with them. The other theory is that the faith really began in the British Isles, where Druids were trained in their faith and so be sent back into Europe to distribute Druidism. This faith was nature based, which is known today as â€Å" Earth Spirituality † . It is thought that there were three different categories of Druids ; the differences believe to be that of their degree of preparation and different maps. There of class was the Druid, so the Bard and so the Ovate. These Druids did non merely map as spiritual leaders, but they besides held places as Judgess, and it is besides believed that there are ArchDruids who had control over huge countries, really similar to Christianity ‘s Archbishops. Another of import portion of Celtic life was the festivals held throughout their 13 month lunar calendar. Because of the uneven figure of months, they would frequently add yearss as the terminal of the twelvemonth as â€Å" clip between times † . During their twelvemonth they had a sum of four festivals tied to their agricultural rhythms. The first of their festivals took topographic point on what is now October 31st to November 1st. This festival known as Samhain and celebrates the terminal of the crop, the beginning of a new Gaelic twelvemonth and a jubilation of the dead. During this vacation it was believed that the infinite between the human universe and the spirit word thinned ; so work forces would run with torches around their houses to guard off evil liquors. The following festival was held on February 1st to the 2nd, which is now the modern twenty-four hours Groundhog Day. This festival is known as Imbolc. It is simple and merely celebrates the beginning of spring fo r the Celts. The 3rd jubilation of the twelvemonth was held from April 30th to May 1st and was known as Beltane. This festival celebrates birthrate and is now known as May Day. The celebrations normally included kids running about a pole with ruddy and white thread and picking flowers. Finally, a elephantine balefire is lit to observe the return of the Sun to the land. The concluding jubilation of the Gaelic twelvemonth was known as Lughnasadh and took topographic point July 31st to August 1st and celebrated the beginning of the crop. Besides the festivals that dealt with the agricultural twelvemonth, the Celts besides had four jubilations for the equinoxes and the solstices. The first jubilation was known as Alban Arthuan, which translates to Light of Arthur, and was the festival of the winter solstice. This festival, much like other winter solstice jubilations everyplace, celebrated the return of the Sun after the shortest twenty-four hours of the twelvemonth. The following jubilation was known as Alban Eiler, which translates to Light of the Earth, and celebrated the youthful equinox. Not merely did the Celts observe the balance of twenty-four hours and dark but they besides believed that it was the balance between their universe and the spirit universe, therefore believing that this twenty-four hours had the most possible for thaumaturgy. The 3rd jubilation was known as Alban Heruin and was the jubilation of summer solstice. The Celts observed this vacation by playing games and holding field daies. The concluding jubilation is known as Alban Elued, translated to Light of the Water, is the jubilation of the Autumn Equinox, and like the youthful equinox , it was believed to be a clip where thaumaturgy was possible. One can evidently state that farming played a big function in the lives of the Gaelic people. The Celts of the Iron Age Britain chiefly farmed in settled communities, where the people would be given to their farms and farm animal. Archaeological grounds shows that there were besides pastoral husbandmans, but non about every bit many as settled farms. In both Southern and Eastern Britain, big subdivisions of land were used for farming. Here they grew harvests such as maize, herbs, roots and wheat. The Celts grew different types of wheat such as oats, rye, barley and millet ( Evidence of their dependance on grain can be found on ancient Gaelic British coins with the word picture of antediluvian grain on them ) and like the grain silos of today ; famers in Celtic Britain used belowground cavities to hive away grain and other excess harvests. These cavities were normally lined with wood and recent archeological digs have revealed that it was common for husbandmans to go forth offerings t o the Gods at the underside of these cavities, assumedly to guarantee a successful crop. The Celts of Britain besides had a system of forming land for farming which could be traced back to the Bronze Age. This organisation is seen chiefly in the layout of fencings on a big graduated table. Gaelic Britain was one of the larger agricultural communities and is where the first regular rectangular farm Fieldss were introduced. Later in the Iron Age ( about 100 B.C. ) woods and woodland countries began to be cleared to be used as farming area. Not merely were the Celts one of the first civilizations to clear forest for agriculture, but they were one of the first civilizations to successfully use the Fe plough. Crop cultivation was non the lone signifier of subsistence know in Celtic Britain ; Pastoral agriculture was the other common agricultural system of the Celts ( besides the most of import ) , normally practiced in portion with harvest cultivation. In Gaelic civilization the more cowss a adult male owned, the wealthier he was. The nonextant Celtic Shorthorn was the cowss of pick for the Celts, utilizing them both for their milk and butchering some for their beef, which was the chief meat eaten of the clip. This system in which cowss represented wealth, a alone act came into pattern known as Cattle foraies, which is the act of stealing another adult male ‘s cowss. Often these foraies would move as turn outing evidences for immature Celtic warriors looking to turn out themselves. The Celts besides raised sheep ; non for meat but to maintain alive to utilize their wool, and one time the sheep had become old they would be butchered for mouton. Another animate being the ancient Celts of Britain domesticated was the hog. It was smaller than a modern twenty-four hours domesticated hog and was a cross between a wild Sus scrofa and a Tamworth hog. They raised these animate beings purely for the intent of supplying jambon, sausage and bacon. In the Gaelic civilization there were three chief groups that all shared the same civilization ; The Celts of Britain, the Celts of Ireland and the Celts of Gaul. Even though they were 100s of stat mis apart they all shared the same cultural traits. Even though Romans looked at the Celts as savages, they truly had a simple society rooted faith.Bibliographyâ€Å" Celtic Europe. † Www.watson.org. Web. 30 Nov. 2009..â€Å" CELTIC HISTORY ; BRIEFLY†¦ † Joelle ‘s Sacred Grove Entrance. Web. 01 Dec. 2009..â€Å" Gaelic Mythology and Celtic Religion. † Heart o ‘ Scotland – Scots Art, Books, Music, History. Web. 20 Nov. 2009..â€Å" The Celts. † Ibiblio.org – people. Web. 01 Dec. 2009..â€Å" The Celts. † Washington State University – Pullman, Washington. Web. 29 Nov. 2009..Ellis, Peter B. The Celts, A History. New York: Carroll & A ; Graf, 1998? Print.â€Å" Farming in Celtic Britain – The Celts. † The Ce lts and Romans – Synergistic History Resources. Web. 07 Nov. 2009..Green, Miranda, and Ray Howell. A Pocket Guide Celtic Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales and The Western Mail, 2000. Print.James, Simon. The World of The Celts. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. , 1993. Print.â€Å" Triskelle – Irish history: Gaelic Social Structure. † Triskelle – Spending Time In Ireland – Irish History, Music, Lyrics and Tourism. Web. 01 Dec. 2009..

Julius Caesar Cause and Effect Essay

Kaya Lawrance Mrs. Ham Honors English 2 March 7th, 2012 Julius Caesar Cause and Effect Essay: A Leader's Fateful Decision: Decisions. Decisions are what make the world go round. Without them, time would be frozen, never moving forward. They are the choices people make that determine our future. Some decisions are hard, some are easy. But, no matter what decisions are made, they will always end with the same result: an effect. So, it's important that people go through the decision making process to eventually come to a final choice. Everyone has to make many decisions every day that affect our lives.Julius Caesar also had to make many decisions that had substantial results. But, only one of his decisions stood out from all the others. Only one decision would determine his rue fate. This essay will talk about the causes and effects of Julius Caesar's significant decision to be present at the Senate meeting or not. This determines his tragic fate in a matter of life or death. Caesar had to make the fateful decision of going to the Senate meeting or not. Although almost every sign warns him against going to the meeting, he makes the stubborn decision to go anyways, which eventually leads to his violent, timeless death.This decision has many powerful effects on the people, the conspirators, and Rome. But, it also has many causes or events that led up to it. So, some questions come up: Do the events that led up to Caesar's decision overweigh the effects of his choice? Or vice versa? The main question is: which choice is the better choice? Causes: There are many causes of Caesar's final decision. Many of these causes, though, may be better identified as warnings or signs against his attendance at the Senate meeting. At the beginning of the book, Caesar appears at a race in which he is confronted by a Soothsayer telling him, â€Å"Beware of the Ides of March. (1. 2. 21) He thinks nothing of it and tells the Soothsayer to move on. Caesar remains blind of this warning w hile Brutus, Cassius, and the other conspirators plot his hematic murder. Dramatic Irony is when the readers know what something that the character does not know. Dramatic Irony applies to this because readers know that the conspirators are plotting to kill Caesar while he is not aware that they are. Another â€Å"warning sign† that he should not go to the Senate meeting occurs on March 15 (Ides of March) right before the meeting.Calphurnia describes how she has had strange and frightful dreams of Caesar's stature pouring our blood while happy citizens of Rome bathe their hands in it. Calphurnia sees this as an omen, and since she does not usually believe in omens, she is frightened by them now and believes this one to be a true omen. A servant also warns Caesar, â€Å"They would not have you to stir forth today. Plucking the entrails of an offering forth, they could not find a heart within the beast. â€Å"(2. 2. 40-42) This is another warning sign for the reason of findin g a fault or difference in a sacrificed animal meant bad luck in his time.Although he ignores the Servant’s news out of his own confident arrogance, he decides to stay because of his wife's unsettling whim. But after Decius appears with plans to escort Caesar to the Senate House, Decius convinces him to go with quick and sly words. â€Å"This dream is all amiss interpreted; It was all a vision fair and fortunate. Your stature spouting blood in many pipes, in which so many smiling Romans bathed, signifies that from you great Rome shall suck reviving blood, and that great men shall press for tinctures, stains, relics, and cognizance.This by Calphurnia's dream is signified,†(2. 2. 87-94) Decius lies through his teeth to change Caesar's mind. He describes how the people will think he is a coward for not going, and how he would receive the crown if he went. The arrogant Caesar changed his mind in a heartbeat, blinded by his fear of looking foolish. Effects: The effects of C aesar's decision to go to the Senate meeting were great, affecting all of Rome in many ways over a long period of time. Of course the main effect of this is his own death.If he would have only listened to the soothsayers warning, taken Calphurnia's warnings into consideration, listened to the servants message, and had just allowed fear to overpower his over confidence – he would have stayed home and lived. He could then see how blind he had been all along. He would be able to see his true self without the mask of arrogance and complete foolishness. But, fate is inescapable. Even if he had not decided to go to the Senate, he would have met his final resting place – somehow. So, do the events that led up to Caesar's decision overweigh the effects of his choice?Yes, the causes or events that led up to his death are very good reasons why Caesar should not have gone to the Senate meeting. There were many warnings against him going and Calphurnia's dream almost made it so cl ear that he shouldn't go that it was just foolish to go. Caesar knew that it was a bad idea to go and that the effects of going could be bad. He knew something bad was going to happen, yet his own wretched personality destroyed his life. Two lessons can be learned from this event: 1. don’t allow the faults of your own personality affect your better judgment. 2. â€Å"Men at some time are masters of their fates. â€Å"(1. 2. 146)

The New Town policy in the UK has been a failure Essays

The New Town policy in the UK has been a failure Essays The New Town policy in the UK has been a failure Paper The New Town policy in the UK has been a failure Paper The original concepts of new towns date back from1799 and New Lanark on the banks of the river Clyde by Robert Owen. It was built as an industrial town with houses for the workers in the cotton mills. The next main historical event in the development of new town policy comes from Ebenezer Howard and his theory of Garden Cities. He published a book called Garden Cities of Tomorrow, this lead to the building of Letchworth in 1903 and Welwyn Garden City in 1919. After the Second World War Sir Patrick Abercrombie put forward a proposal to build 10 satellite towns beyond Londons green belt. These mainly to be built north of London although a few (Crawley and Bracknell etc) were built south of London. This lead to the passing of the new town act in 1946. This allowed for the provision of 28 new towns, 8 of them within 30 miles of London and the rest scattered around the UK. The new towns were chosen for their location, e.g. Bracknell (built in 1949) was 28 miles west of London and 18 miles from Heathrow. Its site was chosen in favour of White Waltham as it was close to an airfield and there was suitable land available. The end of the new towns act was in 1977, and meant that new towns stopped being built. Those that were currently under construction such as Milton Keynes were continued until they were completed, 1992 for Milton Keynes. The act was withdrawn because it was felt that although the new towns were being filled they were just drawing people from the inner cities, and hence the inner cities were starting to decline. At this point the government decided to completely reverse its policy and actively try to improve the inner cities, an example being the comprehensive overhaul of the London Docklands. Purpose of New Towns In order to assess whether new town policy has been a success we must look at the purpose for the development of new towns. This can be split into five main subsections: They were originally proposed as over-spill towns from London, intended to re-house the population from inner cities in a series of slum clearances after the second world war had destroyed much of London. Areas such as the Docklands and Canary Wharf are key areas that were cleared in order that they might be redeveloped. The displaced population was relocated in the new towns such as Bracknell, Crawley and the new town of East Kilbride taking people from the slums of Glasgow, namely the Gorbals. In order that the towns might become self-sufficient it was intended that industry and business would relocate to the new towns. In order to encourage them to move incentive schemes were instigated and premises built so that companies could move, housing close to the factories and offices were also provided so that they could take their workforce with them. New towns were also built to try and promote areas with untapped resources. Towns such as Corby were founded and housing built to support the industry around it. This meant that the inhabitants had a job laid out for them when they moved to their new house. However when the resource runs out the town is left without its main source of employment and so the number of people who are jobless rises sharply. New towns were seen as a way of allowing people to settle in remote areas that had low population densities. Around Newtown in mid Wales for example there were originally only small towns and villages as well as a few farms. Newtown meant that a new trunk road was built and attracted large multinational companies like Laura Ashley (subsequently relocated) and other distribution firms. The fifth and final reason for the development of new towns is to revitalise run down areas. This happened in Peterlee and Washington in the North of England. In much the same ways as other new towns were built they were constructed with housing groups and industry to provide jobs as well as incentives to attract the companies. Evidence The new town policy was discontinued in 1977. There are a number of possible reasons for this: * It may be that no more housing is required and hence building more new towns would just lead to an over provision for housing and cause house prices to fall and lead to large scale negative equity, thus forcing the country into a recession. * It may have been felt that the new towns were expanding too quickly and not respecting green-belt land. Consequently the act was stopped with the thought that this would preserve some of the open land. * Inner cities were felt to be declining as the general trend was to re-house people from these inner city areas as so they were not having the investment made in them. Areas such as the London Docklands and Canary Wharf are obvious examples of areas that have since benefited from the change in policy concerning new towns. The new town policy has been criticised for having been a failure; some have argued that because the early new towns were built with the houses first in an attempt to relocate as many people as possible as quickly as possible, jobs for those who moved were not provided. This lead to a large percentage of the population of the early new towns being out of work and unemployed, leading to a stigma being attached to the new towns as areas for the lower classes. This was changed in later new towns as for example in Milton Keynes where industry moved with a certain amount of workforce, as well as a Central Business eXchange (CBX) being built and a large shopping complex in the centre with provision for parking all around the outside. New towns that built up around a particular resource soon collapsed when the resource ran out, for example in Corby an industry was set-up around the steelworks providing many hundreds of jobs for the inhabitants of Corby. This however was the main source of employment in the town and so when the resource (iron ore) ran out the industry had to close, causing the loss of those many hundreds of jobs. This problem was one inherent in the construction of a town with just one main source of employment and can only be catered for by ensuring that either the employment continues or that there is some other form of employment for the town. Corby was therefore learnt from and the later new towns did not have one sole industry. A fundamental problem with the new towns was the policy of creating socially mixed housing. Whilst it was understood that houses of all sizes should be created in order to cater for all it was felt that areas of socially mixed housing would be a good idea. However the people living in the houses did not want to be in areas of either socially or ethnically mixed housing. Thus managers did not want to be living next to the factory floor workers. However the new towns were built in small neighbourhoods around each other. This meant that it was not necessary to take the car in order to purchase convenience goods such a milk and bread. With a good network of pleasant paths it is possible to go entirely by foot or by bike. The networks of roads in a new town are quite often laid out geometrically. In Milton Keynes for example the road are spaced at one kilometre intervals and at 90à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ to each other, this thereby creates a traffic grid which allows cars and buses to move along with the minimal amount of hassle. It is however in this that yet another problem with new towns lies: It relies heavily on the car. To use Milton Keynes again as an example the central shopping centre has many hundreds of car park spaces, but is surrounded firstly by the car park, then by a ring of industry, and only then does the first set of housing start. This means that anyone who wants to go shopping but does not have a car is forced to use public transport, as it is impossible to go to the shops and carry the purchases back. The building of new towns has allowed for some radical rethinks into the way that houses are built and positioned. Energy saving houses that lose less than 1% of their heat to the surroundings by the use of heat exchanges and solar panels have been developed in some new towns, setting the way for further housing. Finally the new town policy has created towns that are fairly well countrified, and although they are often lumps of concrete in the middle of green open areas they are well countrified. With millions of trees having been planted for instance in Milton Keynes it will ensure that the surroundings are pleasant for the inhabitants. So has the policy of new towns been a failure or a success. To recap we have the problems of inner cities becoming dilapidated, social housing areas, lack of jobs, collapse of industry and the reliance on the car. Beside this there are the positive points of the development of futuristic housing, re-housing of slums, relocation of business out of the city centres, promotion of new resources and the revitalisation of remote and run down areas. We can therefore conclude that although new towns have many disadvantages the policy was right to try and move people away from the slums but should have redeveloped those areas immediately so that they did not fuel the cycle. The implementation of well structured new towns with adequate services and networks is a much better alternative to an unplanned urban sprawl which we see starting to spread its way across Englands countryside.

Reporting on Meetings and Conferences in Journalism

Reporting on Meetings and Conferences in Journalism So you’re writing a news story that covers a meeting- maybe a  school board hearing or town hall- for the first time, and aren’t sure where to start as far as the reporting is concerned. Here are some tips to make the process easier.​ Get the Agenda Get a copy of the meeting’s agenda ahead of time. You can usually do this by calling or visiting your local town hall or school board office, or by checking their website. Knowing what they plan to discuss is always better than walking into the meeting cold.​ Pre-Meeting Reporting Once you’ve got the agenda, do a little reporting even before the meeting. Find out about the issues they plan to discuss. You can check the website of your local paper to see if they’ve written about any of the issues coming up, or even call members of the council or board and interview them.​ Find Your Focus Pick a few key issues on the agenda that you will focus on. Look for the issues that are the most newsworthy, controversial or interesting. If you’re not sure what’s newsworthy, ask yourself: which of the issues on the agenda will affect the most people in the community? Chances are, the more people affected by an issue, the more newsworthy it is. For example, if the school board is about to raise property taxes 3 percent, that’s an issue that will affect every homeowner in your town. Newsworthy? Absolutely. Likewise, is the board is debating whether to ban some books from school libraries after being pressured by religious groups, that’s bound to be controversial and newsworthy. On the other hand, if the town council is voting on whether to raise the town clerk’s salary by $2,000, is that newsworthy? Probably not, unless the town’s budget has been slashed so much that pay raises for town officials have become controversial. The only person really affected here is the town clerk, so your readership for that item would probably be an audience of one.​ Report, Report, Report Once the meeting’s underway, be absolutely thorough in your reporting. Obviously, you need to take good notes during the meeting, but that’s not enough. When the meeting has ended, your reporting has just begun. Interview members of the council or board after the meeting for any additional quotes or information you might need, and if the meeting involved soliciting comments from local residents, interview some of them as well. If an issue of some controversy came up, be sure to interview people on both sides of the fence as far as that issue is concerned.​ Get Phone Numbers Get phone numbers and email addresses- and, depending on your style guide, home towns and ages- for everyone you interview. Virtually every reporter who’s ever covered a meeting has had the experience of getting back to the office to write, only to discover there’s another question they need to ask. Having those numbers on hand is invaluable.​ Understand What Happened Remember, to produce solid meeting stories, never leave a meeting without understanding exactly what happened. The goal of your reporting is to understand what exactly happened at the meeting. Too often, beginner reporters will cover a town hall hearing or school board meeting, dutifully taking notes throughout. But in the end, they leave the building without really understanding what they’ve just seen. When they try to write a story, they can’t. You can’t write about something you don’t understand.